نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد بین‌الملل دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد اقتصاد، بخش اقتصاد، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

3 دانشیار دانشکده اقتصاد و مدیریت دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

10.22067/economlaw.2024.83165.1288

چکیده

در عصر حاضر با ظهور فناوری بلاک‌چین و خصیصه‌های ذاتی مربوط به آن امکان تأمین‌مالی به روش‌های نوینی همچون عرضه-اولیه‌بهامُهر برای کسب‌وکارها به‌ویژه بنگاه‌های‌کوچک‌و‌متوسط جهت جذب سرمایه‌های قابل‌توجه از سراسر دنیا محقق‌گردیده‌است. گرچه ابعاد حقوقی پدیده اخیر به‌علت نوظهور بودن آن نه برای فعالین این حوزه و نه نهادهای حاکمیتی شفاف نیست، اما این بازار به سبب جذابیت بالای خود همواره توانسته بر تعداد علاقه‌مندان خود در هر دو جنبه‌ی سرمایه‌گذاری و تأمین‌مالی بیفزاید.
پژوهش اخیر باهدف تبیین ابعاد روش عرضه‌اولیه‌بهامُهر به‌عنوان روش تأمین‌مالی نوین در بستر بلاک‌چین، لزوم آن به‌عنوان راه‌ تأمین‌مالی منطبق بر خصیصه‌های بنگاه‌های‌کوچک‌و‌متوسط به‌عنوان موتورهای رشد و توسعه کشور درکنار بررسی ابعاد آن در قوانین جاری کشور صورت پذیرفته است.
رکن انتاجی پژوهش اخیر را می‌توان چنین دانست، تأمین‌مالی بنگاه‌های‌کوچک‌و‌متوسط از طریق روش عرضه‌اولیه‌بهامُهر و یا سرمایه-گذاری علاقه‌مندان در این حوزه مغایرتی با نص صریح قوانین بالادستی موضوعه نداشته و در نظام حقوقی کنونی ایران قابلیت اجرا دارد؛ جهت مشروعیت بخشیدن به آن نیازمند شناسایی توسط نهادهای قانون‌گذار و نظارتی است. به رسمیت شناختن توکن‌های قابل‌انتشار بنگاه‌های کوچک و متوسط با پشتوانه‌ی دارایی‌ها و محصول نهایی شرکت توسط بانک مرکزی و سازمان بورس‌و‌اوراق-بهادار امکان بهره‌مندی کسب‌وکارهای داخلی ازاین‌روش نوین را محقق می‌نماید.

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