نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
قانون‌گذار در مادۀ 217 قانون مدنی، شرط تأثیر جهت نامشروع را تصریح به آن اعلام کرده و مقرر داشته است: "در معامله لازم نیست که جهت آن تصریح شود، ولی اگر تصریح شده باشد باید مشروع باشد و الا معامله باطل است". گروهی از حقوقدانان به پیروی از نظر مشهور فقیهان امامی و با بیان تفسیری لفظی از واژه تصریح، معتقدند که انگیزه نامشروع هنگامی موجب بطلان عقد است که توسط طرفی که این انگیزه را دارد به دیگری بیان شود. در مقابل بعضی از دانشمندان حقوق، تفسیر یاد شده را با فلسفه وضع ماده 217 قانون مدنی در تعارض دانسته و قرارداد را در موردی نیز که یکی از طرفین به انگیزه نامشروع دیگری علم دارد، باطل دانسته‌اند. جستار حاضر با روش توصیفی و تحلیلی و با نقد و بررسی ادله ارائه شده برای نظریات مختلف، دیدگاه غیر مشهور فقیهان و حقوقدانان را اجتماعی‌تر و با مصالح حقوقی و اقتصادی جامعه، سازگارتر می‌داند. این مساله به‌ویژه امروزه در زمینه قراردادهای مؤثر در عرصه اقتصاد دارای اهمیت است؛ چراکه محدود کردن بطلان معامله به موردی که جهت نامشروع در آن تصریح گردیده، راه را برای انعقاد قراردادهایی که با انگیزه اخلال به نظم عمومی اقتصادی صورت می‌گیرد، هموار می‌سازد.
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