نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فزدوسی مشهد

2 دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

چکیده

خسارت تنبیهی نوعی خسارت فراجبرانی است که در دعاوی مدنی و به منظور تنبیه خوانده و بازداشتن از ارتکاب عمل مشابه در آینده به نفع خواهان رأی داده می‌شود. مبنای اصلی صدور رأی تنبیهی بازدارندگی و مجازات است و در همین راستا دو نظریه‌ی اقتصادی (نظریه‌ی بازدارندگی مطلوب و نظریه‌ی منفعت‌زدایی) مطرح شده است. با این حال ویژگی تنبیهی این نوع خسارت موجب گردیده است که برخی آن را نهادی با ماهیت کیفری تلقی نموده و مخالف اعمال آن در دعاوی خصوصی باشند. عدم قابلیت پیش‌بینی این نوع خسارت و صدور احکام بعضاً هنگفت و کمرشکن و مشکلات ناشی از آن موجب گردیده است که دادگاه‌های ایالات متحده راهکارهای متعددی برای محدود نمودن خسارت تنبیهی بیندیشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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