نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه خوارزمی

2 دانشگاه آیت الله حائری میبد

چکیده

اصل وساطت و نمایندگی حاکی از این است که در بازار سرمایه اعم از بورس اوراق بهادار، فرابورس، بورس انرژی، بورس کالا و سایر بازارهای متشکل و خودانتظام، اشخاص مستقیماً قادر به معامله در آن نیستند و به ناچار بایستی از باب واسطه‌هایی به نام «کارگزاران» وارد معاملات گردند. در عین حال در حقوق ایران ماهیت حقوقی کارگزاری و به تبع آن حقوق و تعهدات این نهاد واسط، چندان روشن نیست و حقوقدانان از دیدگاه واحدی تبعیت ننموده اند؛ برخی ماهیت عمل کارگزاری را «دلالی» دانسته و برخی بر مبنای ماده 10 قانون مدنی این نهاد را تحلیل نموده و گروهی بین کارگزان بورس اوراق بهادار و بورس کالا، قائل به تفکیک شده اند و برخی نیز آن را وکالت می دانند که در این تحقیق ضمن تحلیل فقهی ماهیت نمایندگی و انواع آن در حقوق اسلامی، به طرح، نقد و بررسی دیدگاه های مختلف خواهیم پرداخت. در این خصوص بر مبنای این که کارگزاران در مقابل ثالث مسئول اجرای تعهدات قرارداد می باشند، نظریه حق العمل کاری در کلیه معاملات بورسی قابل قبول تر است و از حیث تحلیل فقهی، عمل کارگزاری تحت عنوان عام «نمایندگی» قرار می گیرد و در صورتی که در معاملات سمت خود را آشکار نسازد، ثالث در مراجعه به او و اصیل مختار است.

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