نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مازندران

2 شهید بهشتی

3 دانشگاه مازندران

چکیده

امروزه این امر که واقعیت محض قابل شناخت نیست، امری یقینی و مسلّم است. بر این اساس، قواعد حقوقی باید بر مبنای واقعیت‌ها تنظیم شوند. قواعد معاملات فضولی- که در جهت حمایت از مالک و تلاش برای جلوگیری از گسترش سرقت در جامعه برقرارشده و به مالک واقعی اجازه رد معامله فضولی و استرداد مال را می‌دهد- به‌گونه‌ای تنظیم‌ شده است که از اشخاص انتظار شناخت واقعیت محض می‌رود؛ در غیر این صورت، خریداران باید ریسک معاملات را تحمل کرده و منتظر حوادث باشند. این امر با نظم معاملاتی معارض است. نظریۀ حمایت از اعتماد کننده به‌ ظاهر که از خریداران با حسن نیت حمایت می‌کند، ضمن منطبق بودن با واقعیت‌های شناختی بشری با تحلیل‌های حقوق اقتصادی نیز سازگار است و زمینه را برای جلوگیری از سرقت و برقراری نظم معاملاتی فراهم می‌کند. علاوه بر این، این نظریه با این امر که هدف از داشتن مال داشتن خود عین نبوده و بلکه استفاده از فرآورده‌های آن است، نیز مطابقت دارد.

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