نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 قم

2 آزاد اسلامی اراک

چکیده

مهم‌ترین کارکرد اسناد تجاری به معنای خاص آن است که وسیله یا ابزاری برای پرداخت‌‌های غیر نقدی هستند. شناسایی کارکرد این اسناد به عنوان یک سیستم پرداخت، می‌تواند در توصیف واقع بینانه و تحلیل کارکردگرایانه این اوراق بسیار مؤثر باشد. رویکردی که با استفاده از تحلیل اقتصادی کارکرد مطلوب یا کارآمد این اوراق پاسخگوی بسیاری از مسائل حقوقی پیرامون آنهاست. در این پژوهش علاوه بر استفاده از روش‌های توصیفی و تحلیلی، از روش‌های تبیینی و استنتاجی بهره برده‌ایم تا رابطه منطقی میان ویژگی‌ها و اوصاف اسناد تجاری و کارکرد آنها به عنوان یک سیستم پرداخت کشف شود و علل پیدایش اصول حاکم بر این اوراق روشن گردد. نتیجه این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که تبیین صحیح اوصاف و ویژگی‌های این اوراق و تحلیل درست و جامع اصول و قواعد حقوقی حاکم بر سند تجاری و آثار حقوقی آن در روابط میان اطراف سند تجاری و رابطه بین تعهد ناشی از سند تجاری و تعهد منشاء صدور یا ظهرنویسی سند، صرفاً با ملاحظۀ کارکرد اصلی سند تجاری به عنوان یک سیستم پرداخت، امکان‌پذیر است؛ به عبارت دیگر، تحلیل حقوقی اسناد تجاری در گرو تحلیل اقتصادی کارکرد آن است. همان گونه که تحقق کارکرد اقتصادی اوراق تجاری مستلزم برخورداری از ویژگی‌ها و حاکمیت اصول و قواعدی است که چنین کارکردی را تضمین و حمایت کند.

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