نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه علوم قضایی
چکیده
سهم نماینده‌ی حق دارنده‌ی آن بر بخشی از شرکت است، اما این حق متمایز از حق مالکیت مشاع بر جزئی از یک مال است. اگر چه حق مالک اوراق بهادار به حق عینی نزدیکتر است تا حق دینی؛ غیر ملموس بودن اوراق بهادار شناسایی اوصاف و ارزیابی کیفیت این اوراق را برای معامله گران بالقوه این اوراق دشوار نموده است. همین امر سبب شده تا در برخی نظامهای حقوقی تعهدبه افشای اطلاعات مهم مربوط به اوراق بهادار که ممکن است بر تصمیم‌گیری سرمایه‌گذاران اثرگذار باشد؛ حسب مورد در بازار اولیه و ثانویه بر فعالان مهم بازار اوراق بهادار(ناشران، متعهدین پذیره نویسی و ...) تحمیل شود. در حقوق ایران نیز در قانون اوراق بهادار مصوب1384 ایجاد نظام افشای اجباری اطلاعات در معاملات اوراق بهادار در بازار اولیه و ثانویه مد نظر قانونگذار قرار گرفته است. در این مقاله بر آنیم تا با بررسی تطبیقی رویکرد نظامهای حقوقی مختلف در ارتباط با تعهد به ارائه اطلاعات، و مبانی تحمیل این تعهد بر فعالان بازار؛ این مسئله را مورد ارزیابی قرار دهیم که آیا با توجه به مبانی خاص نظام حقوقی ایران تحمیل چنین تعهدی قابل توجیه است؟ بر اساس کدام مبانی؟ اجمالاً می‌توان گفت که با توجه به ویژگی‌های خاص اوراق بهادار و قواعد خاص حاکم بر معاملات آن، بین سرمایه‌گذاران و فعالان قدرتمند بازارعدم تعادل قابل توجهی از حیث دسترسی به اطلاعات وجود دارد؛ و تحمیل تعهد به افشای اطلاعات بر فعالان قوی تر بازار ضروری به نظر می‌رسد.
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