The criminal policy of Iran and England in reducing crime costs

Document Type : Scientific research

Authors

• zohreh gholam alizadeh ¹
• esmaeel abdollahi ²

¹ 1 - PhD Candidate , Department of Law, University of Bushehr, Bushehr, Iran

² Associate Professor, Department of Law, University of Bushehr, Bushehr, Iran

10.22067/economlaw.2024.83522.1291

Abstract

The cost of the crime shows the relative importance of the problem of its occurrence. If the costs of a crime are high (low), the occurrence of that crime will be a big (small) problem. The use of economic theory in the field of law is not a new and controversial phenomenon, but what is new and controversial is the generalization of economic analysis to a wide range of institutions of the legal system with a non-economic essence. This research is descriptive in nature and describes and defines topics such as criminal policy and solutions to reduce the cost of crime. The results of the research showed that by establishing well-considered and tested laws and regulations, it can make it difficult to abuse the criminal process and prevent the loss of economic benefits and subsequently reduce the costs of crime; And in an efficient and effective criminal policy, management tools to minimize the costs of crime can be aimed at the structure of the investigation authorities and employment of labor, without wages or with minimum wages, which can be in the form of applying the experiences and ideas of economists and criminologists, with a scientific approach to obtain the tools of judicial exclusion or act in the form of using crime prevention methods; The criminal policy of England compared to Iran, with the use of institutions and in various ways in order to prevent the commission or repetition of crimes in order to prevent the density of criminal cases and the density of the criminal population by using the provision of minimum costs of criminal justice, has been able to achieve fruitful and acceptable results. find and reduce the aforementioned costs, which causes the growth and excellence of the criminal justice system.

Keywords

• Criminal policy
• economy
• cost
• Iran
• England

References

•  

   

  • Ardabili, Mohammad Ali. (2013). General criminal law, third volume, Tehran: Mizan publication. (In Persian).
  • Ashuri, Mohammad. (2019). Code of criminal procedure, second volume, 13th edition (Tehran), organization for studying and compiling humanities books of universities. (In Persian).
  • Ashuri, Mohammad. (2018). Code of criminal procedure, second volume, 13th edition (Tehran), organization for studying and compiling humanities books of universities. (In Persian).
  • Bentham, Jeremy.(1995). The utilitarian theory of punishment, from: crime and punishment, By: Gorr, Michael j, Harwood, Sterling, printed in U.S.A, Jones and Bartlett publishers
  • Czabanski,j.(2008).Estimates of cost of crime:History,Methodologies,and implications.berlin Hidelberg,springer
  • Campbell Black Henry. (1990). black’s law Dictionary, west publishing co, sixth Edition
  • Farhadi, Hashem & Shams, Ahmad. (2022). The role of restorative justice and the dispute resolution council in reducing the financial costs of litigation, Financial Economics Quarterly, Volume 1. (In Persian).
  • Final warninig Scheme. (2002).Annex A.Legislative Provisions
  • Frank P, Williams, Freelin D, McShane. (2012). Theories of criminology, translator: Dr. Hamidreza Malek Mohammadi, Tehran: Mezan Publishing House
  • Goldost Joybari, Rajab. (2014). Criminal Procedure Code, Tehran: Jangal Publications

  [11] Garer,Brian.(2017). Blacks Law Dictionary, 4th Edition,Tehran:Jungle Publications

  • Hannibal, martin And Mount ford. (2008). Lisa LPC Handbook on Criminal Litigation, oxford,first published,
  • hylton, keith n. (2017), economic analysis of criminal procedure in the oxford handbook of law and economics
  • Kashkulian, Ismail & Heydari, Massoud (2021), Étude comparative de l'évaluation du coût de la criminalité en droit pénal et dans la jurisprudence chiite, Nouvelles approches en études islamiques, n° 7. (In Persian).
  • Khaleghi, Ali. (2015). Criminal Procedure Code, Volume 1, 33rd Edition (Tehran), Shahr Danesh Legal Studies and Research Institute . (In Persian).
  • Lewisch, Peter. (2000), “Criminal Procedure", in: Encyclopedia of Law and Economics; The Economics of Crime and Litigation, volume 5, edited by: Boudewijn Bouckaert and Gerrit De Geest, Edward Elgar Publishing
  • Mercuro, Nicholas and Medema, Steven G. (2006). Economics and the Law; From Posner to Post Modernism and Beyond, 2nd Edition, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford
  • Michael,Jasch. (2008).police and prosecutions: vanishing Differences Between practices in England and Germany, Public Law, The Law Faculty Of The university Frankfurt (main), Institute of criminal justice
  • Mossadegh, Mohammad. (2013). Criminal Procedure Law, Tehran: Jangal Publications. (In Persian).
  • Mehra, Nasreen. (2012). Encyclopaedia of English Criminal Law, Tehran: Mizan Publishing House. (In Persian).
  • Miri, Reza. (2010). Criminal Prosecutor's Office, Tehran: Majd Publications (In Persian).
  • Nouri Zeinel, Elmira. (2020). Costs of crime, first edition, Tehran: Mizan Publications (In Persian).
  • Nouri Zeinel, Elmira. (2022). Economic analysis of criminal procedure, first edition, Tehran: Mezan Publishing (In Persian).
  • Posner, Richard A. (1985).An Economic Theory of the Criminal Law,Columbia Law Review, vol.85, no.
  • Roshan Ghanbari, Ataullah. (2010). "Looking at the transaction of accusation in American law" Legal Monthly of the Rossa et al. Center, No. 110. (In Persian).
  • Robinson, Anne. (2001).Foundations For offender Management: Theory, Law And policy for contemporary practice, The policy press, First published6
  • Shekarchizadeh, Mohsen. (2015). Criminal Procedure Code, first edition, Tehran: Majd Publications. (In Persian).
  • Sheydaiyan,Mehdi&nosrati,yazdan.(2018) .Identification and challenges of criminal prosecution with a look at English law, Volume 23, Number 82. (In Persian).
  • Slapper, Gray and Kelly, David. (2010). The English Legal system, London, Rout ledge Cavendish Publishing, 11th Edition
  • Schmalleger, Frank. (2010). criminal Justice Today: an introductory Text for the 21st Century, (What’s New in Criminal Justice), 15th Edition.
  • Tavali, Mehdi, Shidaiyan, Mehdi,Mirkhalili, Seyed Mahmoud, Darabi, Shahrdad. (2022). Alternatives to criminal prosecution (a comparative study in Iranian and English law), Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law Studies. (In Persian).
  • Vaziri, Shahrbanu. (2013).the passage of time, a review of developments in the international community and the domestic laws of countries, Tehran, Ardhali Publications. (In Persian).
  • Yazdian Jafari, Jafari. (2009), Une réflexion sur le système coûts-avantages en droit pénal, Jurisprudence and Law Journal, cinquième année. (In Persian).