تحلیل تضمین های قراردادی از منظر حقوق اقتصادی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• امید محمدی نیا ¹
• علی ساعت چی ²

¹ استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه ولیعصر رفسنجان

² دانشگاه فردوسی

10.22067/economlaw.2023.80689.1247

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر به تحلیل حقوقی اقتصادی تضمینات قراردادی پرداخته شده است؛ توضیح آن که تضمینات قراردادی مناسب‌ترین ابزار در جهت مقابله با تخلف طرف مقابل از انجام تعهدات قراردادی است به همین منظور، دریافت‌کنندگان کالا و خدمات به دنبال تضمینات قراردادی مناسب در این زمینه هستند. موضوعی که برپایه مولفه‌های تحلیل اقتصادی چون عقلانیت، ابزاری مبتنی بر ترجیحات، حداکثرسازی مطلوبیت، تئوری بازی‌ها و کارایی فنی و تخصصی بخش جداناپذیر رفتار کارگزار اقتصادی در محیط بازار است. در یک بررسی کلی، تضمینات موجود در قرارداد به تضمینات ناظر به اجرای تعهد و تضمینات مربوط به زمان پس از اجرای تعهد تقسیم می‌شود. تضمین مربوط به زمان اجرای تعهد؛ بیشتر در قالب وجه التزام عدم اجرا و یا تاخیر تعهدات قراردادی ویا در قالب ضمانت اشخاص ثالث متجلی می‌گردد. همچنین تضمینات مربوط به کارکرد مبیع یا خدمات ارائه شده؛ شامل تضمین مربوط به گارانتی و وارانتی است. پژوهش حاضر؛ ضمن مطالعه‌ی انواع تضمینات در قراردادها به این نتیجه دست یافته که اصولا نه تنها از نقطه دیدگاه حقوقی و اقتصادی از منظر اقتصادی هرچه اراده متعهدله در گزینش و تعیین دامنه ضمانت اجرا تاثیر بیشتری داشته باشد و در لحظه انعقاد قرارداد متعهدله بتوانداراده خود و نه قانون را بر قراردادحاکم کند ضمانت اجراها به دلیل آنکه توان تامین ترجیحات را بیشتر دارند کارامدترند. علاوه براین در قراردادهای کالا محور تضمین گارانتی و وارانتی و براساس نظریه بازی ها بیشتر می تواند بازی همکارانه را محقق سازد

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تضمینات قراردادی
• وجه التزام
• گارانتی
• وارانتی
• تحلیل اقتصادی

مراجع

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